English Language

MODULE I : COMPOSITION AND COMPREHENSION
Case Study
“There is a long tradition of treating agreement on verbs and agreement on adjectives as two quite different phenomena. Indeed, the two are sometimes given different names: concord for the phenomenon of adjectives agreeing with the nouns they modify, as opposed to agreement proper for the relation verbs have with their subjects and objects. For example, [Noam] Chomsky (2001:34n.5) writes ‘There is presumably a similar but distinct agreement relation, concord, involving Merge alone.’ And there are some good reasons for this traditional distinction.” (Mark C. Baker, “The Syntax of Agreement and Concord,” Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Question 1: A large sum of money ___ stolen.
a. were
b. had
c. was
d. are

Question 2: A lot of houses___collapsed in the storm
a. has
b. have
c. is
d. had been

Question 3: All students____in their work
a. handed
b. have handed
c. hand
d. had handed

Question 4: Cats and dogs___not get along
a. do
b. does
c. are
d. is

Question 5: Every morning she____up early and gets ready for work
a. is waking
b. has woken
c. woke
d. wakes

Question 6: Man and woman___complementary to each other

a. were
b. was
c. is
d. are

Question 7: The moon___around the earth
a. is revolving
b. has revolved
c. revolves
d. revolve

Question 8: The students accompanied by their teacher___ gone on a picnic.
a. has
b. have
c. was
d. were

Question 9: We____Greece next month
a. visit
b. would visit
c. will have visited
d. are visiting

Question 10: When I opened my eyes, I____a strange sight.
a. saw
b. was seeing
c. have seen
d. had seen

MODULE II : ESSAY, BUSINESS LETTER AND VOCABULARY
Case Study
A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, and plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb. It is one of the types of nonfinite verb forms. Its name comes from the Latin participium, a calque of Greek μετοχή (metokhḗ) “partaking” or “sharing”; it is so named because the Ancient Greek and Latin participles “share” some of the categories of the adjective or noun (gender, number, case) and some of those of the verb (tense and voice). In Old English, past participles of Germanic strong verbs were marked with a ge- prefix, as are most strong and weak past participles in Dutch and German today, and often by a vowel change in the stem. Those of weak verbs were marked by the ending -d, with or without an epenthetic vowel before it. Modern English past participles derive from these forms (although the ge- prefix, which became y- in Middle English, has now been lost). Old English present participles were marked with an ending in -ende (or -iende for verbs whose infinitives ended in -ian)
Question 1: Everyone knows Zidane is good____fault
a. after
b. at
c. for
d. in

Question 2: He lived alone_____by everybody
a. forgetting
b. forgot
c. forgotten
d. had forgotten

Question 3: He was wearing_____shirt
a. tearing
b. tear
c. torn
d. had torn

Question 4: He______occupied with work could not meet us
a. been
b. being
c. had been
d. will be

Question 5: I am very pleased____your result
a. with
b. at
c. of
d. for

Question 6: I love the sea,_____my friends prefer the mountains
a. instead
b. whereas
c. unless
d. until

Question 7: She admitted_____the money
a. steal
b. stolen
c. had stolen
d. stealing

Question 8. She delayed____out of bed
a. gotten
b. get
c. had gotten
d. getting

Question 9: The house looked____
a. abandoned
b. abandoning
c. had abandoned
d. abandon

Question 10: The prisoners escaped yesterday from jail, the police are looking_____them
a. for
b. after
c. in
d. as a result

MODULE III: SHORT STORIES AND POETRY
Case Study
The idea behind the short story genre is to convey a message or point to the reader economizing on words. Unlike the novel, every part of the short story is important. Paragraphs and even the title mean much more to the story. In the short story the title is likely to be a way that the author emphasizes a message to the reader and points her in a direction of thinking. The title can also symbolize or capture a distinct purpose.
Question 1: One day Mr. Loisel received an invitation from:
a. The Minister of Health
b. The Minister of Home Affairs
c. The Defence Ministry
d. The Minister of Public Instruction
Question 2: In Katherine Mansfield’s story by the same name, the fly is symbolic of the _____ who died in the trenches of World War I.
a. Germans
b. Englishmen
c. Young soldiers
d. Leaders
Question 3: Why did Behrman become sick?
a. He was old and his immune system was weak
b. He stopped taking his medicine.
c. He became sick while painting the leaf
d. His apartment did not have fresh air.
Question 4: In the Luncheon where was the writer living before meeting the lady?
a. Marapyane
b. Paris
c. Rome
d. London
Question 5: What was the true illness which inflicted the Postmaster?
a. Pneumonia
b. Heart DIsease
c. Homesickness
d. He was not sick at all
Question 6: In which anthology of Kamala Das the poem An Introduction appeared?
a. My Story
b. Alphabet of Lust
c. Summer in Calcutta
d. Yaa Allah
Question 7: What type of language is “I wandered lonely as a cloud”?
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Emotive Language
d. Personification
Question 8: What view of nature is presented by Wordsworth?
a. Nature can bring hatred, it can do things to the mind
b. Nature is powerful
c. Nature is unsettling
d. Nature is relied on to make people feel better
Question 9: “I took the one less travelled by,/ And that has made all the difference”. Whose the speaker?
a. William Wordsworth
b. Kamala Das
c. Katherine Mansfield
d. Robert Frost
Question 10: The fly episode in the short story “The Fly” is a symbolically dense episode which implies
a. An attempt to preserve the hegemonic idea of masculinity
b. The sado-masochistic tendencies of the boss
c. The boss’ attempt to enact as well as annihilate the ‘Other’
d. All of them

MODULE IV : DRAMA
Case Study
“Riders to the Sea” by J.M Synge is a tragic play regarding the sacrifice one family has made to an invisible character over their years on an island west of Ireland. When Synge wrote “Riders to the Sea” in 1904 he had been traveling between the Aran Islands and Ireland in order to develop his writing skills and find his “writing voice” (Merriman online). During this time he immersed himself into the culture, learning Gaelic, living with the fisherman’s families and absorbing the island’s history. Historically this play represents the tragedy of living upon the Aran Islands and how a family copes with it in their everyday life.
“Riders to the Sea” notes numerous elements from Synge learned during his travels. Throughout the early 1900’s clothing was still primarily handmade by common families. They oftentimes would purchase the fabric to sew their clothes; however, they still relied heavily upon their own sheep to produce the wool they needed to spin yarn to make clothing completely by hand. This process was not easy and involved a lot of hard work from a family. Sheep were raised by families and could be sheared up to two times a year. After shearing the fleece is cleaned to remove the lanolin oil and any vegetable matter that may have accumulated in the wool. The wool then must be carded or combed in order to spin it into yarn. After yarn has been spun it can be crocheted, knitted or weaved into garments one can wear.
[Merriman, C.D. J.M. Synge. The Literature Network. Jalic Inc. 2005. Web. 24September, 2013.]

Question 1: Of what literary movement is J.M. Synge’s Riders to the Sea a part?
a. Irish Literary Renaissance
b. Symbolism
c. Realism
d. Romanticism

Question 2: What are the three women waiting for at the beginning of Riders to the Sea?
a. News of Michael
b. News of Bartley
c. News of the horse fair
d. News of the sea

Question 3: In Riders to the Sea, why is Bartley determined to go to Connemara?
a. He wants to make money at the horse fair.
b. He doesn’t want to live on the island anymore.
c. He resents Maurya’s favoritism towards Michael.
d. He thinks he might hear news of Michael.

Question 4: What items does the priest give for identification purposes?
a. A pair of trousers and stockings.
b. A shirt and jacket.
c. A shirt and a plain stocking.
d. A shirt and trousers.

Question 5: How is Michael described by Nora after they realize that the stockings given to Nora by the priest belong to him?
a. A man with great vision.
b. A great rower and fisher.
c. A great woodsman and farmer.
d. A man of the cloth.

Question 6: A one-act tragedy, the play is set in the ________, and like all of Synge’s plays it is noted for capturing the poetic dialogue of rural Ireland.
a. Northern Island
b. Aran Islands
c. Galway
d. Drogheda

Question 7: As the play begins Nora and Cathleen receive word that a body that may be their brother Michael has washed up on shore in ________, far to the north.
a. Galway
b. Aran Island
c. Dorgheda
d. Donegal

Question 8: How many stitches did Nora drop from the second of three pairs of stockings she knitted for Michael?
a. Three score
b. Two and a half score
c. Seven
d. She never dropped any stitches

Question 9: Who had witnessed the fearful sight of a dead man with a child in his arms?
a. Maurya
b. Cathleen
c. Dara
d. Bartley

Question 10: How does Bartley die?
a. He dies from pneumonia.
b. The gray pony knocks him into the sea
c. The red pony bucks him into the sea.
d. The ship sinks, swamped on the way to Cannemara

MODULE V : RHETORIC AND COMMON MISTAKES IN ENGLISH

Case Study

Logos, ethos, and pathos are important components of all writing, whether we are aware of them or not. By learning to recognize logos, ethos, and pathos in the writing of others and in our own, we can create texts that appeal to readers on many different levels. This handout provides a brief overview of what logos, ethos, and pathos are and offers guiding questions for recognizing and incorporating these appeals. Aristotle taught that a speaker’s ability to persuade an audience is based on how well the speaker appeals to that audience in three different areas: logos, ethos, and pathos. Considered together, these appeals form what later rhetoricians have called the rhetorical triangle.

Question 1: Which of the following best defines pathos?

a. It’s a combination of logic and credibility
b. It’s a way to convince with emotion
c. It embodies all three appeals
d. All answers are correct

Question 2: Many rhetorical devices rely on repetition for their desired effects. Which of these is NOT repeated in one or more rhetorical devices?

a. Meaning
b. Words
c. Phrases
d. Sounds

Question 3: The Five Cannons of Rhetoric include:
a. Style
b. Memory
c. Invention
d. All answers are correct

Question 4: Which of the following is not usually found in a report of a quantitative study?
a. Measurements
b. Results
c. Confession
d. Validation

Question 5: The introductory section of a research report should aim to:
a. identify the specific focus of the study
b. provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article.
c. grab the reader’s attention.
d. All answers are correct

Question 6: A figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared using like or as is which of the following rhetorical devices?

a. Understatement
b. Oxymoron
c. Personification
d. Simile

Question 7: A statement that seems impossible because the ideas are opposites, but have an element of truth is which of the following rhetorical devices?

a. Paradox
b. Oxymoron
c. Satire
d. Allegory

Question 8: *Great Depression
*Jumbo shrimp
*Cruel to be Kind
*Pain for pleasure
*Clearly confused
*Act naturally
*Painfully beautiful
They are examples of which rhetorical device?

a. Anecdote
b. Hyperbole
c. Oxymoron
d. Satire

Question 9: Identify the rhetorical device:
“To think on death it is a misery,/ T o think on life it is a vanity;/ to think on the world verily it is,/ to think that here man hath no perfect bliss.’
a. Exemplum
b. Hyperbole
c. Parable
d. Anaphora

Question 10: Talking to someone who is not there, dead, not human is which rhetorical device?
a. Imagery
b. Apostrophe
c. Alliteration
d. Anaphora

ASSIGNMENT 2

Case Study
Writing simply would not be writing without the rules that shape words and string together sentences into fluid paragraphs and comprehensible arguments. We use these rules every day while sending text messages, writing essays, producing business reports, or even when we update Facebook statuses. Yet, despite the prevalence of writing in our everyday lives, proper grammar has been kicked to the curb. The apparent grammar disconnect is hard to trace. Children are educated in grammar basics starting in elementary school, but despite efforts from the Common Core standards and other educational bodies, many professionals believe the informality of new technologies and the changing modes of communication have weakened the emphasis on proper grammar. My research primarily focuses on how professional grammar deficiencies stem from inadequate grammar teaching and changes in communication methods, and how, to some degree, the ability to construct sentences is analogous to the ability to construct thoughts. Therefore, understanding and employing proper grammar are important for both educational and professional success.

Question 1: “James said that __________ word with me.” “Yeah, come in and have a seat.”
a. you can have a
b. you wanted to have a
c. you will want to have a
d. You had a

Question 2: Which of these must be avoided in business letters?
a. Polite words
b. Abbreviation
c. clear details
d. Formal designations

Question 3: How would you plan to link the paragraphs to each other in an essay writing?
a. Write a lot of ideas in each paragraph
b. Making sure that each paragraph links to the conclusion
c. Making sure that each paragraph links to the introduction
d. Stating different key points in each paragraph

Question 4: Who does Maurya see riding the gray pony?
a. Her husband
b. A Ghost
c. Michael
d. Bartley

Question 5: In “The Fly”, Woodifield’s family (the wife and the girls) kept him boxed up in the house every day. What does this indicate about Woodifield?
a. He had become old and physically bereft
b. Shifting of the gender roles of women post First World War
c. The agencyless status of Woodified
d. All the answers are correct

Question 6: The necklace that is worn by the main character Matilda Loisel in the story is an example of…
a. Characterization
b. Symbolism
c. Irony
d. All of them

Question 7: What do the following lines from “The Road Not Taken” mean?
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler,

a. The speaker is only one person and cannot go down two roads at the same time.
b. The speaker thinks both paths are equally good.
c. The speaker is only one person and cannot go down two roads at the same time.
The speaker would rather travel with someone, so they could each explore a path.
d. The speaker regrets not taking the other road at the start.

Question 8: Which of the following is NOT a theme of the short story The Last Leaf?
a. Pessimism
b. ambition
c. Friendship
d. Self-Sacrifice

Question 9: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word:
Choose a name, a role. Don’t play pretending games.
Don’t play at ___________ or be a
Nympho
a. schizophrenia
b. Home
c. Emotions
d. None of these

Question 10: Which of these are the main themes in the short story The Postmaster?
a. Loneliness
b. Search for Meaning
c. Need for compassion
d. All are correct

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